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# scipy.ndimage.shift

scipy.ndimage.shift(input, shift, output=None, order=3, mode='constant', cval=0.0, prefilter=True)

  Shift an array.

  The array is shifted using spline interpolation of the requested order. Points outside the boundaries of the input are filled according to the given mode.

  Parameters:
    input array_like

      The input array.

    shift float or sequence

      The shift along the axes. If a float, `shift` is the same for each axis. If a sequence, `shift` should contain one value for each axis.

    output array or dtype, optional

      The array in which to place the output, or the dtype of the returned array. By default an array of the same dtype as input will be created.

    order int, optional

      The order of the spline interpolation, default is 3. The order has to be in the range 0-5.

    mode{‘reflect’, ‘grid-mirror’, ‘constant’, ‘grid-constant’, ‘nearest’, ‘mirror’, ‘grid-wrap’, ‘wrap’}, optional

      The mode parameter determines how the input array is extended beyond its boundaries. Default is ‘constant’. Behavior for each valid value is as follows (see additional plots and details on boundary modes):

      ‘reflect’ (d c b a | a b c d | d c b a)

        The input is extended by reflecting about the edge of the last pixel. This mode is also sometimes referred to as half-sample symmetric.

      ‘grid-mirror’

        This is a synonym for ‘reflect’.

      ‘constant’ (k k k k | a b c d | k k k k)

        The input is extended by filling all values beyond the edge with the same constant value, defined by the cval parameter. No interpolation is performed beyond the edges of the input.

      ‘grid-constant’ (k k k k | a b c d | k k k k)

        The input is extended by filling all values beyond the edge with the same constant value, defined by the cval parameter. Interpolation occurs for samples outside the input’s extent as well.

      ‘nearest’ (a a a a | a b c d | d d d d)

        The input is extended by replicating the last pixel.

      ‘mirror’ (d c b | a b c d | c b a)

        The input is extended by reflecting about the center of the last pixel. This mode is also sometimes referred to as whole-sample symmetric.

      ‘grid-wrap’ (a b c d | a b c d | a b c d)

        The input is extended by wrapping around to the opposite edge.

      ‘wrap’ (d b c d | a b c d | b c a b)

        The input is extended by wrapping around to the opposite edge, but in a way such that the last point and initial point exactly overlap. In this case it is not well defined which sample will be chosen at the point of overlap.

    cval scalar, optional

      Value to fill past edges of input if mode is ‘constant’. Default is 0.0.

    prefilter bool, optional

      Determines if the input array is prefiltered with `spline_filter` before interpolation. The default is True, which will create a temporary float64 array of filtered values if order > 1. If setting this to False, the output will be slightly blurred if order > 1, unless the input is prefiltered, i.e. it is the result of calling `spline_filter` on the original input.

  Returns:
    shift ndarray

      The shifted input.

  See also

  `affine_transform`

    Affine transformations

  Notes

  For complex-valued input, this function shifts the real and imaginary components independently.

  New in version 1.6.0: Complex-valued support added.

  Examples

  Import the necessary modules and an exemplary image.

      >>> from scipy.ndimage import shift
      >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
      >>> from scipy import datasets
      >>> image = datasets.ascent()

  Shift the image vertically by 20 pixels.

      >>> image_shifted_vertically = shift(image, (20, 0))

  Shift the image vertically by -200 pixels and horizontally by 100 pixels.

      >>> image_shifted_both_directions = shift(image, (-200, 100))

  Plot the original and the shifted images.

      >>> fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 1, figsize=(4, 12))
      >>> plt.gray()  # show the filtered result in grayscale
      >>> top, middle, bottom = axes
      >>> for ax in axes:
      ...     ax.set_axis_off()  # remove coordinate system
      >>> top.imshow(image)
      >>> top.set_title("Original image")
      >>> middle.imshow(image_shifted_vertically)
      >>> middle.set_title("Vertically shifted image")
      >>> bottom.imshow(image_shifted_both_directions)
      >>> bottom.set_title("Image shifted in both directions")
      >>> fig.tight_layout()