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# scipy.fftpack.diff

scipy.fftpack.diff(x, order=1, period=None, _cache={})

  Return kth derivative (or integral) of a periodic sequence x.

  If x_j and y_j are Fourier coefficients of periodic functions x and y, respectively, then:

      y_j = pow(sqrt(-1)*j*2*pi/period, order) * x_j
      y_0 = 0 if order is not 0.

  Parameters:
    x array_like

      Input array.

    order int, optional

      The order of differentiation. Default order is 1. If order is negative, then integration is carried out under the assumption that `x_0 == 0`.

    period float, optional

      The assumed period of the sequence. Default is `2*pi`.

  Notes

  If `sum(x, axis=0) = 0` then `diff(diff(x, k), -k) == x` (within numerical accuracy).

  For odd order and even `len(x)`, the Nyquist mode is taken zero.