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# scipy.signal.cascade

scipy.signal.cascade(hk, J=7)

  Return (x, phi, psi) at dyadic points `K/2**J` from filter coefficients.

  Deprecated since version 1.12.0: scipy.signal.cascade is deprecated in SciPy 1.12 and will be removed in SciPy 1.15. We recommend using PyWavelets instead.

  Parameters:
    hk array_like

      Coefficients of low-pass filter.

    J int, optional

      Values will be computed at grid points `K/2**J`. Default is 7.

  Returns:
    x ndarray

      The dyadic points `K/2**J` for `K=0...N * (2**J)-1` where `len(hk) = len(gk) = N+1`.

    phi ndarray

      The scaling function `phi(x)` at x: `phi(x) = sum(hk * phi(2x-k))`, where k is from 0 to N.

    psi ndarray, optional

      The wavelet function `psi(x)` at x: `phi(x) = sum(gk * phi(2x-k))`, where k is from 0 to N. psi is only returned if gk is not None.

  Notes

  The algorithm uses the vector cascade algorithm described by Strang and Nguyen in “Wavelets and Filter Banks”. It builds a dictionary of values and slices for quick reuse. Then inserts vectors into final vector at the end.